{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "updated_at": "2026-10-27T19:32:00.807394+00:00",
  "site_url": "https://ai-tier.com/",
  "full_data_url": "https://ai-tier.com/data.json",
  "methodology_url": "https://ai-tier.com/methodology/",
  "measurement_device": "Raspberry Pi 5, 16 GB RAM; CPU unless labelled AI HAT (Hailo-8 26 TOPS).",
  "reading_notes": [
    "Null means unavailable, never zero.",
    "↑ means higher is better; ↓ means lower is better.",
    "Scores are fixed public test selections, not full official benchmark scores.",
    "Compare like-for-like context, precision, reasoning and hardware configurations.",
    "WER can exceed 100%. TTS intelligibility does not measure voice naturalness.",
    "Values retain full precision. Tables and charts round only for display."
  ],
  "categories": {
    "text": {
      "url": "https://ai-tier.com/",
      "description": "Equal-weight average of IFEval, BFCL and RULER selections. Pi 5 timing and memory refer to the stated context and reasoning configuration.",
      "results": [
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          "model": {
            "id": "qwen3-5-0-8b",
            "name": "Qwen3.5-0.8B",
            "publisher": "Qwen",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-0.8B",
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            "result_id": "split-ec1e56b61819c4a36b43",
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            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/qwen3-5-0-8b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 66.7825,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 46.875,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 64.58333333333333,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 88.88916666666667,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 15.089063,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 93.549938,
            "First token · s ↓": 4.555013135000081,
            "Task time · s ↓": 20.89784112872217,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 1267.078125,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 507.847900390625,
            "Parameters · billions": 0.8
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        {
          "model": {
            "id": "qwen3-5-4b",
            "name": "Qwen3.5-4B",
            "publisher": "Qwen",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B",
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            "context_tokens": 4096,
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          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/qwen3-5-4b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 75.63659722222222,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 85.9375,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 75.0,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 65.97229166666666,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 3.361275,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 15.566687,
            "First token · s ↓": 22.51384568300091,
            "Task time · s ↓": 94.84019198311115,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 5690.765625,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 2613.9620666503906,
            "Parameters · billions": 4
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "qwen3-5-2b",
            "name": "Qwen3.5-2B",
            "publisher": "Qwen",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-2B",
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            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
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          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/qwen3-5-2b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 53.240763888888885,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 62.5,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 31.25,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 65.97229166666666,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 7.666992,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 47.52552,
            "First token · s ↓": 8.961591903501358,
            "Task time · s ↓": 41.747595989388884,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 2712.703125,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 1221.500244140625,
            "Parameters · billions": 2
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "nemotron-3-nano-4b",
            "name": "Nemotron 3 Nano 4B",
            "publisher": "NVIDIA",
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            "result_id": "split-ef45721757e77b7ad8a9",
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          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/nemotron-3-nano-4b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 77.71993055555555,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 67.1875,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 68.75,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 97.22229166666666,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 3.482796,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 9.247137,
            "First token · s ↓": 44.01260239250041,
            "Task time · s ↓": 167.8948213242221,
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        {
          "model": {
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            "publisher": "OpenBMB / ModelBest",
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          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/minicpm5-2b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 71.06493055555556,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 81.25,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 68.75,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 63.19479166666667,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 8.05251,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 40.358482,
            "First token · s ↓": 10.420626442000867,
            "Task time · s ↓": 52.4709822935551,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 2900.9375,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 1488.9892272949219,
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "minicpm5-1b",
            "name": "MiniCPM5 1B",
            "publisher": "OpenBMB / ModelBest",
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          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/minicpm5-1b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 68.9236111111111,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 60.9375,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 77.08333333333333,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 68.75,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 20.474609,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 114.750154,
            "First token · s ↓": 3.7106312949999847,
            "Task time · s ↓": 22.552227694388826,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 1260.609375,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 656.1907958984375,
            "Parameters · billions": 1.080632832
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "gemma-4-e4b-it",
            "name": "Gemma 4 E4B IT",
            "publisher": "Google DeepMind",
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            "result_id": "split-d24ceee912504ce9dbc2",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
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          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/gemma-4-e4b-it/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 89.93055555555556,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 87.5,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 82.29166666666667,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 100.0,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 3.494973,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 14.799022,
            "First token · s ↓": 30.18775824849945,
            "Task time · s ↓": 120.11333086338931,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 7432.953125,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 4746.6007080078125,
            "Parameters · billions": 8.0
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "lfm2-5-1-2b-instruct",
            "name": "LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct",
            "publisher": "Liquid AI",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct",
            "configuration": "CPU",
            "result_id": "split-a3f3a0ff3185d62260d5",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
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            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/lfm2-5-1-2b-instruct/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 64.61819444444444,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 79.6875,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 41.666666666666664,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 72.50041666666667,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 16.046622,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 81.155932,
            "First token · s ↓": 5.3215523324997775,
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            "Model files · MiB ↓": 697.0359497070312,
            "Parameters · billions": 1.17
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        {
          "model": {
            "id": "granite-4-1-3b",
            "name": "Granite 4.1 3B",
            "publisher": "IBM",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-4.1-3b",
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            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/granite-4-1-3b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 82.90527777777778,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 76.5625,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 82.29166666666667,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 89.86166666666666,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 4.836334,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 24.969193,
            "First token · s ↓": 15.982009349498185,
            "Task time · s ↓": 81.82567661972159,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 4440.75,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 2002.2408142089844,
            "Parameters · billions": 3.40283648
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "qwen3-5-9b",
            "name": "Qwen3.5-9B",
            "publisher": "Qwen",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B",
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            "result_id": "split-d2efefd0c60393ae98eb",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/qwen3-5-9b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 87.84722222222223,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 90.625,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 79.16666666666667,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 93.75,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 1.876366,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 9.805878,
            "First token · s ↓": 42.29176578049919,
            "Task time · s ↓": 173.64571075377776,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 10331.46875,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 5417.368377685547,
            "Parameters · billions": 9
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        {
          "model": {
            "id": "gemma-4-e2b-it",
            "name": "Gemma 4 E2B IT",
            "publisher": "Google DeepMind",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-4-E2B-it",
            "configuration": "CPU",
            "result_id": "split-a21f19657ff1bc780124",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
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          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/gemma-4-e2b-it/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 75.28923611111111,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 79.6875,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 84.375,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 61.80520833333333,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 7.363575,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 31.880922,
            "First token · s ↓": 14.60180834699895,
            "Task time · s ↓": 62.077807984610544,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 4535.1875,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 2962.8164978027344,
            "Parameters · billions": 5.1
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "granite-4-2-3b",
            "name": "Granite 4.2 3B",
            "publisher": "IBM",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-4.2-3b",
            "configuration": "CPU",
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            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/granite-4-2-3b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 59.78020833333333,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 67.1875,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 48.958333333333336,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 63.19479166666667,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 4.907236,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 24.236827,
            "First token · s ↓": 18.0705806320002,
            "Task time · s ↓": 98.64402532333285,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 4350.5625,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 2140.056182861328,
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "smollm3-3b",
            "name": "SmolLM3 3B",
            "publisher": "Hugging Face",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM3-3B",
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          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/smollm3-3b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 64.87277777777778,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 64.0625,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 66.66666666666667,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 63.88916666666667,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 6.051597,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 29.106509,
            "First token · s ↓": 15.144708934509254,
            "Task time · s ↓": 69.99642298722272,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 4087.609375,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 1826.5774841308594,
            "Parameters · billions": 3.0
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "qwen3-4b-instruct-2507",
            "name": "Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507",
            "publisher": "Qwen",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507",
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            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
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          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/qwen3-4b-instruct-2507/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 79.91909722222222,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 85.9375,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 84.375,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 69.44479166666666,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 4.317374,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 21.006106,
            "First token · s ↓": 18.51519297499908,
            "Task time · s ↓": 98.92973175238916,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 5470.0625,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 2381.5928649902344,
            "Parameters · billions": 4
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "ministral-3-3b-instruct-2512",
            "name": "Ministral 3 3B Instruct",
            "publisher": "Mistral AI",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Ministral-3-3B-Instruct-2512",
            "configuration": "CPU",
            "result_id": "split-1030ded09d7ed4b7508c",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/ministral-3-3b-instruct-2512/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 50.57875000000001,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 56.25,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 84.375,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 11.11125,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 5.461245,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 26.900451,
            "First token · s ↓": 19.1819107620031,
            "Task time · s ↓": null,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 4637.875,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 2047.5606994628906,
            "Parameters · billions": 3.849090048
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "granite-4-2-8b",
            "name": "Granite 4.2 8B",
            "publisher": "IBM",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-4.2-8b",
            "configuration": "CPU",
            "result_id": "split-51a9360a0279278f59de",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
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          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/granite-4-2-8b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 52.951458333333335,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 76.5625,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 21.875,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 60.416875,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 2.023068,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 9.184655,
            "First token · s ↓": 47.04735665100088,
            "Task time · s ↓": 257.7212806548883,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 10368.015625,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 5100.1719970703125,
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "lfm2-5-8b-a1b",
            "name": "LFM2.5-8B-A1B",
            "publisher": "Liquid AI",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-8B-A1B",
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            "reasoning_mode": "on"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/lfm2-5-8b-a1b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 34.72222222222222,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 71.875,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 30.208333333333332,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 2.0833333333333335,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 9.440216,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 35.442923,
            "First token · s ↓": 10.784428085004038,
            "Task time · s ↓": 52.197660326276996,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 10002.671875,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 4916.729705810547,
            "Parameters · billions": 8.3
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "olmo-3-7b-instruct",
            "name": "Olmo 3 7B Instruct",
            "publisher": "Allen Institute for AI",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/allenai/Olmo-3-7B-Instruct",
            "configuration": "CPU",
            "result_id": "split-5bb05ed4d56cedcf7600",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/olmo-3-7b-instruct/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 72.8586111111111,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 76.5625,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 86.45833333333333,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 55.555,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 2.481016,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 11.840787,
            "First token · s ↓": 34.23801488750178,
            "Task time · s ↓": 164.11492233538672,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 12719.890625,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 4264.4520263671875,
            "Parameters · billions": 7.298011136
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "granite-4-1-8b",
            "name": "Granite 4.1 8B",
            "publisher": "IBM",
            "source_url": "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-4.1-8b",
            "configuration": "CPU",
            "result_id": "split-ff6b67eff005c35c493b",
            "context_tokens": 4096,
            "quantization": "Q4_K_M",
            "reasoning_mode": "off"
          },
          "result_url": "https://ai-tier.com/results/raspberry-pi-5/granite-4-1-8b/",
          "metrics": {
            "Capability / 100 ↑": 78.12506944444443,
            "IFEVAL / 100 ↑": 84.375,
            "BFCL / 100 ↑": 85.41666666666667,
            "RULER / 100 ↑": 64.58354166666666,
            "Output tokens / second ↑": 2.090342,
            "Prompt tokens / second ↑": 9.286639,
            "First token · s ↓": 41.56725073599955,
            "Task time · s ↓": 200.67483961749895,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 10197.390625,
            "Model files · MiB ↓": 5100.168609619141,
            "Parameters · billions": 8.79159296
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        },
        {
          "model": {
            "id": "g9v3-3b",
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            "Task time · s ↓": 144.8433887452799,
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            "POPE / 100 ↑": 90.625,
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            "POPE / 100 ↑": 88.54166666666667,
            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 111.68969765197835,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 138.2528539901886,
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            "VQAv2 / 100 ↑": 87.60416666666667,
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            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 10.951911983982427,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 11.332953208295361,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 2504.875
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            "VQAv2 / 100 ↑": 89.47916666666667,
            "POPE / 100 ↑": 92.70833333333333,
            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 14.967396296997322,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 15.528660613890409,
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            "id": "smolvlm2-256m",
            "name": "SmolVLM2 256M",
            "publisher": "Hugging Face",
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            "VQAv2 / 100 ↑": 61.666666666666664,
            "POPE / 100 ↑": 68.75,
            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 6.849205981998239,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 6.912055933705738,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 687.953125
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            "id": "smolvlm2-2-2b",
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            "VQAv2 / 100 ↑": 79.27083333333333,
            "POPE / 100 ↑": 86.45833333333333,
            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 21.923474856012035,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 22.115156299076734,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 4483.59375
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          "model": {
            "id": "lfm3-vl-2b",
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            "VQAv2 / 100 ↑": 87.60416666666667,
            "POPE / 100 ↑": 86.45833333333333,
            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 6.760107452981174,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 6.981122049886768,
            "Peak memory · MiB ↓": 2864.890625
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          "metrics": {
            "VQAv2 / 100 ↑": 77.60416666666667,
            "POPE / 100 ↑": 89.58333333333333,
            "Pi 5 first token · s ↓": 6.71664990496356,
            "Pi 5 task time · s ↓": 6.9625851617117105,
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    "video": {
      "url": "https://ai-tier.com/video",
      "columns": [
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        "Event overlap · % ↑",
        "Pi 5 task time · s ↓",
        "Model files · MiB"
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            "context_tokens": null,
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          "metrics": {
            "Video questions · % ↑": 81.25,
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            "Video questions · % ↑": 78.125,
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          "metrics": {
            "Video questions · % ↑": 71.875,
            "Event overlap · % ↑": null,
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            "Model files · MiB": 6292.999786376953
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            "context_tokens": null,
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            "Video questions · % ↑": 40.625,
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            "Model files · MiB": 3902.8094787597656
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            "context_tokens": null,
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            "Event overlap · % ↑": 5.782016824603108,
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